Tackling antimicrobial stewardship, health inequalities and spurious penicillin allergy labels in the UK

September 2026

Rashmeet Bhogal and colleagues from the University of Birmingham discuss antimicrobial resistance inequalities in the UK.

The global rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to be one of the leading causes of human death.1–3 Bacterial AMR was associated with approximately 5 million deaths in 2019 and 2021.1,2 Health inequalities disproportionately increase the risk of AMR, often seen in low- and middle-income countries,4 but also starkly evident within the UK.